Green Nanobiotechnology: Sustainable Advancements in Healthcare, Agriculture, and Environmental Remediation

Abstract

Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative interdisciplinary field driving sustainable innovation in life sciences and biotechnology. By manipulating materials at the nanoscale, researchers have achieved enhanced precision in drug delivery, advanced diagnostic platforms, and novel antimicrobial strategies. Recent developments emphasize green synthesis of nanoparticles using biological sources such as plants, fungi, and bacteria, thereby reducing toxic solvents and energy consumption. In agriculture, nano-fertilizers and nano-pesticides improve nutrient efficiency, minimize chemical runoff, and increase productivity while ensuring consumer safety. A significant subfield, green nanotechnology, offers eco-friendly approaches for water purification and bioremediation through bio-based nanoparticle systems. Naturally derived nanomaterials, such as carbon-based nanoparticles, are being used to replace hazardous chemicals and integrate renewable feedstocks in synthesis protocols. These advances align with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, promoting sustainable healthcare, food security, and environmentally responsible industrial processes. Despite remarkable progress, further research is required to optimize green synthesis methods, elucidate mechanistic pathways, and expand applications in regenerative medicine and environmental biotechnology. Overall, the integration of nanotechnology with biological systems is reshaping sustainable development by minimizing environmental impact and maximizing benefits across health, agriculture, and industry.